Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Augustine of Hippo was perhaps the greatest Christian philosopher of Antiquity and certainly the one who exerted the deepest and most lasting influence. He is a saint of the Catholic Church, and...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/

Abu Yusuf Ya'qub ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi (ca. 800 - 870 CE) was the first self-identified philosopher in the Arabic tradition. He worked with a group of translators who rendered works of Aristotle, t...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/al-kindi/

Introspection, as the term is used in contemporary philosophy of mind, is a means of learning about one's own currently ongoing, or perhaps very recently past, mental states or processes. You ca...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/introspection/

Alexander was a Peripatetic philosopher and commentator, active in the late second and early third century CE. He continued the tradition of writing close commentaries on Aristotle's work establ...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/alexander-aphrodisias/

Diodorus Cronus (died circa 284 BCE) was a figure widely known and...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/diodorus-cronus/

Tsongkhapa Losang Drakpa (1357 - 1419) is a well-known Tibetan religious philosopher and one of the most influential and innovative scholars and practitioners in the history of Tibetan Buddhism....

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tsongkhapa/

Compatibilism offers a solution to the free will problem, which concerns a disputed incompatibility between free will and determinism. Compatibilism is the thesis that free will is compatible wi...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/compatibilism/

The culture of the Akan people of West Africa dates from before the 13th century. Like other long-established cultures the world over, the Akan have developed a rich conceptual system complete w...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/akan-person/

Joseph Albo (c. 1380 - 1444) was a Jewish philosopher active in Christian Spain in the first half of the fifteenth century. His main philosophical work is Sefer ha-'Ikkarim , completed in 1425 i...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/albo-joseph/

For much of the history of western philosophy the body has been conceptualized as simply one biological object among others, part of a biological nature, which our rational faculties set us apar...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminist-body/

Questions central to the ontology of art include the following: what sort of things are works of art? Do all works of art belong to a single category of entities? Do they have multiple instances...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/art-ontology-history/

Feminist philosophers of biology bring the tools of feminist theory, and in particular the tools of feminist philosophy of science, to investigations of the life sciences. While the critical exa...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminist-philosophy-biology/

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https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotelianism-renaissance/

Adolf Reinach was a leading representative of so-called "realist" phenomenology. So pivotal was his role in shaping the early phases of the phenomenological movement that many young scholars saw...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reinach/

Early philosophical interpretations of the general theory of relativity selected distinct aspects of that theory for praise or favored recognition. Positivist followers of Mach initially lauded ...

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/genrel-early/