Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Arrow of Time Many philosophers and scientists have claimed that time has an arrow that points in a special direction. The Roman poet Ovid may have referred to this one-way property of time w...

https://iep.utm.edu/arrow-of-time/

Knowledge-First Theories of Justification Knowledge-first theories of justification are theories of justification that give knowledge priority when it comes to explaining when and why someone has...

https://iep.utm.edu/knowledge-first-theories-of-justification/

British Empiricism  ‘British Empiricism’ is a name traditionally used to pick out a group of eighteenth-century thinkers who prioritised knowledge via the senses over reason or the intellect...

https://iep.utm.edu/british-empiricism/

Susanne K. Langer (1895—1985) Susanne Langer was an American philosopher working across the analytic and continental divide in the fields of logic, aesthetics, and theory of mind. Her work conn...

https://iep.utm.edu/langer/

Aristotle: Epistemology For Aristotle, human life is marked by special varieties of knowledge and understanding. Where other animals can only know that things are so, humans are able to understan...

https://iep.utm.edu/aristotle-epistemology/

History of Utilitarianism The term “utilitarianism” is most-commonly used to refer to an ethical theory or a family of related ethical theories.  It is taken to be a form of consequentialism...

https://iep.utm.edu/history-of-utilitarianism/

Moral Perception It is a familiar thought that many of our beliefs are directly justified epistemically by perception. For example, she sees what looks to her to be a cat on the mat, and from thi...

https://iep.utm.edu/moral-perception/

William Godwin (1756–1836) Following the publication of An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice in 1793 and his most successful novel, Caleb Williams, in 1794, William Godwin was briefly celebr...

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Noam Chomsky (1928 – ) Noam Chomsky is an American linguist who has had a profound impact on philosophy. Chomsky’s linguistic work has been motivated by the observation that nearly all adult ...

https://iep.utm.edu/chomsky-philosophy/

Humean Arguments from Evil against Theism Arguments from evil are arguments against Theism, which is broadly construed as the view that there is a supremely powerful, knowledgeable, and good crea...

https://iep.utm.edu/humeevil/