The History Files

This has been referred to as a late period extension of the earlier Hoabinhian, although its chronology remains unclear, with lithic artefacts showing affinities with the later Da But culture but...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/CulturesQuynhVan.htm

The Mai Pha is a recent concept, one which has been formulated to highlight specific archaeological details in the Lang Son area on modern Vietnam's northern border with China, approximately two ...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/CulturesMaiPha.htm

Bac Son, type site for this culture, is a rural district of today's Lạng Sơn province in the north-eastern region of Vietnam, located some one hundred-and-sixty kilometres to the north of Hano...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/CulturesBacSon.htm

Excavators have found Hoabinhian stone hunter-gatherer artefacts in Vietnam's Tham Mya Cave, along with ceramic objects of the later Bronze Age to confirm a long period of habitation here.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/CulturesHoabinhian.htm

The Son Vi was the earliest South-East Asian culture which was specific to the Vietnam region, emerging during the later stage of Palaeolithic South-East Asia.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/CulturesSonVi.htm

Relatively little is known about Vietnamese origins since they first appeared in history as the so-called Lac peoples who lived in the Red River delta region in what is now northern Vietnam, poss...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/SouthEastVietNamCultures.htm

Once the Yamnaya horizon had petered out, by about 2000 BC, remaining on the steppe were leftover West Indo-European groups and their steppe masters, Indo-Iranians.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesFarEast/CentralAsia_IndoEuropeans05.htm

This region incorporates all of the territory to the south of East Asia, consisting of two dissimilar sections which involve a continental projection and a string of archipelagos to the south and...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/CulturesSouthEastAsia.htm

The story of Vietnam's creation from multiple tribal or legendary kingdoms to today's reunified communist state following the highly destructive Vietnam War.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/indexVietnam.htm

The Avatici are adjudged to have been Celto-Ligurians, dwelling around the Etang de Berre, the lagoon between the mouth of the Rhone and Massalia (modern Marseille), during the Roman period.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianAvatici.htm

The Ausuciates are understood to have lived in and around Ossuccio, on Lake Como and about twenty-two kilometres to the north-east of Como itself, and the commune of Ossuccio itself bears a mangl...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianAusuciates.htm

The Atacini of Gallia Transalpina are the subject of contention regarding whether they were a local tribe of Ligurians or the first military veterans to settle in Narbo Martius (Narbonne) under R...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianAtacini.htm

On the very edges of Europe, Tacitus was forced to state that 'the rest is the stuff of fables', with two mysterious tribes - which included the Oxiones - being noted as having 'the faces and fea...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianOxiones.htm

The Hellusii were noted alongside the Oxiones by the first century AD Roman historian, Tacitus, in his great work, Germania, which recorded every known tribe of Europe, venturing north and east a...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianHellusii.htm

The Alani story is somewhat confused, with them appearing to be one and the same group as the Yancai of Chinese records, and involved in a process of gradual westwards migration.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/AsiaYancai.htm

By the middle of the first century BC the Celtic Vocontii were located along both banks of the Rhodanus between Valence and Avignon, alongside a batch of subsidiary Ligurian tribes.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianVocontii.htm

At first glimpse, the Victohali appear to be one result of the Hunnic invasion and the splintering of existing Germanic groups, so could they be a division of the Vandali, or not even Germanics a...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianVictohali.htm

The former Bolingey Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in Cornwall was built in 1841 before becoming a Methodist church at the 1932 union.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/ChurchesBritain/SouthWest/Cornwall_Carrick26.htm

The Tauri were well known by ancient Greek writers as having a mixed heritage which was part Scythian, then the dominant force on the steppe, while they themselves had long been settled along the...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianTauri.htm

Nominally a Saka group, the Tapuri usually seemed to be recorded as being something more than a single tribe, perhaps a confederation or a diffused 'nation' of groups.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/AsiaTapuri.htm

The Taifali have an uncertain origin, perhaps being Germanic or Sarmatians - or both, with their first mention in history being in the third century AD, along the lower Danube.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianTaifali.htm

The Spali are usually counted as a sub-group of the Alani (although there was very little difference between them and the Sarmatians), although some claims have them as Scythians, based at least ...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSpali.htm

The Siraces were not a particularly big tribe, or one which dominated a great territory, but apparently, nestled in their newly-founded home on the eastern side of the Sea of Azov at the north-we...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSiraces.htm

The Sindi were the best-attested of a very poorly-recorded bunch of small tribes, and may even have been the biggest, most dominant tribe of a large array of small and very small tribes in the re...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSindi.htm

The Sigynnae were largely obscure in terms of their origins, although they were indeed nomads, just like the Scythian-Maeotian hybrid Sindi or the mysterious Grauci alongside whom they occupied t...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSigynnae.htm

The Serboi tribe of Indo-Iranians occupied territory in the northern Caucasus, on the eastern side, and would have been flanked to their own east by the Volga as it exits into the Caspian Sea.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSerboi.htm

Scythians were semi-nomadic pastoralists who occupied much of the Pontic-Caspian steppe, herding their precious cattle from pasture to pasture throughout the year while travelling in wheeled cart...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianScythians.htm

The Sarmatians gained an imposed Scythian ruling warrior elite before they migrated from Central Asia towards the Ural Mountains at a point between 600-300 BC, just in time for them to be mention...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSarmatians.htm

Complications arise in reference to the Cimmerians of the Pontic-Caspian steppe when considering the so-called 'Thraco-Cimmerian Hypothesis', a rather controversial subject to say the least.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesEurope/BarbarianCimmerians01.htm

The Roxolani could be found on the Baragan steppe in modern Romania in the first century BC, where they remained, raiding across the Danube or reinforcing others in their wars against Rome.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianRoxolani.htm

By the middle of the first century BC, the Raurici were a minor tribe which was located outside the corner which was formed by the Rhine turning eastwards towards Lake Constance, around the moder...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianRaurici.htm

The Melanchlaeni were Finno-Ugric, perhaps only barely outside the Scythian area of control but perhaps sometimes classed as an ally of theirs, and perhaps also the Volga-Finnic Cheremiss people ...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianMelanchlaeni.htm

The Maeotians occupied the Maeotian marshes - Lake Maeotis, with both terms being used by various ancient authors to describe the territory at the mouth of the Tanais (today's River Don).

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianMaeotians.htm

Part of the Celtic influx into northern Italy, the Libici or Libui were a minor tribe whose precise location is uncertain, although they are known to have occupied part of the south bank of the R...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianLibici.htm

The name Kangju comes exclusively from Chinese records, and is hard to match up fully with any Indo-Iranian formations which were known to western writers, although their burial customs do show a...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/AsiaKangju.htm

The administrative capability and political astuteness of the Iazyges contributed to their gaining widespread influence in Europe, and in the first century BC they migrated into the Dacian steppe...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianIazyges.htm

It was Herodotus who suggested that the Gerrians were themselves Scythians, but were subject to the commanding body of 'royal' Scythians, but even this is not certain.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianGerrians.htm

Like the closely-related Scythians, the Geloni were highly developed horse-riding warriors, with administrative capability and political astuteness which contributed to their gaining widespread i...

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianGeloni.htm

The town of Spruce Grove and its preserved grain elevator lie a short way to the west of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada, alongside the CN rail line.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesAmericas/Scenes/Alberta_GrainElevators01.html

The fiercesome steppe nomad horse warriors, the Cimmerians, conquered and looted until they were themselves defeated, after which they appear to have broken up into various groups.

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianCimmerians.htm